The ecology of forest insect invasions and advances in their management 1

نویسندگان

  • Eckehard G. Brockerhoff
  • Andrew M. Liebhold
  • Hervé Jactel
چکیده

Invasions by nonindigenous forest insects can have spectacular effects on the biodiversity, ecology, and economy of affected areas. This introduction explores several critical issues that are generally relevant to invasions by forest insects to provide an extended background for this special issue of the Canadian Journal of Forest Research and highlights the key findings of the papers included in the issue. The topics covered address new information about (1) the role of cargo shipments as invasion pathways for the arrival of insects such as wood borers and bark beetles, (2) biogeographical effects that can influence the ecological and economic impact of insects feeding on exotic tree species, (3) the influence of biodiversity on impacts of forest insects and on the invasibility of ecosystem, and (4) recent advances in the detection, monitoring, and management of invasive species and native pests, including DNA barcoding for identification, the use of pheromones for monitoring and mating disruption, and biological control. These findings are likely to become even more important with elevated prevalence of invasions as a result of increasing global trade and international travel. Avenues of international communication and cooperation among scientists should be encouraged to enhance the sharing of information about biological invasions and to find solutions to this alarming problem. Résumé : Les invasions d’insectes forestiers exotiques peuvent avoir des effets spectaculaires sur la biodiversité, l’écologie et l’économie des régions affectées. Cette introduction explore plusieurs questions cruciales généralement reliées aux invasions d’insectes forestiers dans le but de replacer ce numéro spécial de la Revue canadienne de recherche forestière dans un contexte plus large et de mettre en valeur les principaux résultats des articles qu’il contient. Les thèmes qui sont abordés portent sur les développements récents concernant (1) le rôle du transport des marchandises en tant que mode d’invasion pour des insectes tels que les xylophages et scolytes, (2) les effets biogéographiques susceptibles d’influencer l’impact écologique et économique des insectes qui s’attaquent aux espèces d’arbres exotiques, (3) l’influence de la biodiversité sur les dégâts d’insectes forestiers et sur l’invasibilité des écosystèmes et (4) les récents progrès dans la détection, le suivi et le contrôle des espèces invasives et des ravageurs indigènes, incluant les code-barres ADN pour l’identification, l’utilisation des phéromones pour le suivi des populations et la confusion sexuelle, et la lutte biologique. Ces résultats vont probablement devenir encore plus importants étant donné la fréquence élevée des invasions attribuable à l’augmentation du commerce mondial et aux voyages internationaux. La communication et la coopération internationales entre scientifiques devraient être encouragées pour favoriser les échanges d’informations sur les invasions biologiques et pour trouver des solutions à ce problème inquiétant. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Brockerhoff et al. 268

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تاریخ انتشار 2006